12/4/2023 0 Comments Copper and cobaltLeenu and Sheela (2016) reported that copper and cobalt bioaccumulation in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) affects the plant growth, especially physiological processes and metabolism. The presence and persistence of elevated levels of heavy metals in the environment causes harmful effects on humans and other organisms mainly due to moderate accumulation over time. The biosorption of copper and cobalt by filamentous fungi has received a great deal of attention in recent years, as an emerging technology for minimizing the distribution of these heavy metals from mining wastes, e-wastes, and industrial wastewaters ( Hussein et al., 2004 Dhankhar and Hooda, 2011 Ahemad and Kibret, 2013). In this review, we highlight the capacity of various identified filamentous fungal isolates for biosorption of copper and cobalt from various environments, as well as their future prospects. ![]() Furthermore, the application of filamentous fungi for bioremediation is considered environmentally friendly, highly effective, reliable, and affordable, due to their low technology pre-requisites. It is believed that far more fungal species with even higher biosorption capability are yet to be isolated. Several works indicate that Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus species have higher Cu and Co biosorption capacity compared to other fungal species such as Geotrichum, Monilia, and Fusarium. Based on current findings, various strains of filamentous fungi have high metal uptake capacity, particularly for Cu and Co. Despite the growing interest in heavy metal removal by filamentous fungi, their exploitation faces numerous challenges such as finding suitable candidates for biosorption. In recent years several filamentous fungal strains have been isolated, identified and assessed for their heavy metal biosorption capacity for potential application in bioremediation of Cu and Co wastes. Both are known to pose serious environmental concerns, particularly to water resources, if not properly treated. 2School of Natural Resources, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, ZambiaĬopper (Cu) and Cobalt (Co) are among the most toxic heavy metals from mining and other industrial activities.1School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.However, "the real negotiations with the Chinese side will only start when the president returns," one of the sources told Reuters.Leonce Dusengemungu 1* George Kasali 1 Cousins Gwanama 2 Kennedy Ochieng Ouma 2 Tshisekedi is expected to raise the issues during his trip to Beijing. "It is estimated that 90% of the Congo's mining exports go to China, but its contribution to GDP does not exceed 30%," said Jean-Pierre Okenda, director of extractive industries for Resource Matters, an NGO which is calling for greater transparency in the negotiations. well below the market price," the source said, adding that the fine will be for all damages Congo has suffered. "We are going to ask for a lump sum compensation of $2 billion, among other things because Sicomines sold the minerals at half price to the Chinese companies. In the renegotiation talks, compensation would be brought up, the source said. In the initial deal, $3 billion had been earmarked for developing the Sicomines joint venture, and another $3 billion for infrastructure in Congo. "We estimated that the loan envelope for infrastructure should increase from $3 billion to $6 billion," one of the sources said. ![]() It said the amount earmarked in the previous deal to finance infrastructure, around $3 billion including interests, was insufficient compared with the value of mineral reserves given up by Gecamines. The commission said Congo should seek a 60% stake in Sicomines for Gecamines and its subsidiary, a non-dilutable 10% stake for the state, and 30% for the Chinese companies, to make the joint venture deal fairer for Congo. Sinohydro Corp and China Railway Group Limited had agreed to build roads and hospitals in exchange for a 68% stake in Sicomines, the cobalt and copper joint venture with Congo's state mining company Gecamines.Ĭongo is the world's largest producer of battery material cobalt, and a major copper producer. Chinese companies Power Construction Corporation of China, also known as Sinohydro, and China Railway Group Limited, did not respond to requests for comment.
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